HWA
Bare metal programming with style
hwa/atmel/avr/examples/11-1-uart-twi-eeprom/main.c

This is a translation of the twitest.c example taken from avr-libc (the original file is provided in the avr-libc subdirectory):

Simple demo program that talks to a 24Cxx I2C EEPROM using the builtin TWI interface of an ATmega device.

main.c
/* This file is part of the HWA project.
* Copyright (c) 2012,2015 Christophe Duparquet.
* All rights reserved. Read LICENSE.TXT for details.
*/
/* @note (FIXME) This version leads to a binary file bigger of 20 bytes
* compared to the orignal `avr-libc/twitest.c`. It seems that GCC does not make
* the same register assigments and sometimes puts useless code such as `eor
* r25, r25` followed by `ldi r25, 0`. Why?
*
* @note Revision 2016-06-29: use `hw_cmd()` instead of
* `hw_command()`. The binary code is now 3474 bytes long with avr-gcc-4.9.2
* (was 3336 with avr-gcc-4.8.2). WHY?
*
* @note Revision 2017-02-19 (not tested): use `hw()` instead of `hw_cmd()`. The
* binary code is now 3338 bytes long with avr-gcc-4.9.2.
*
* @note Revision 2018-09-26 (not tested): the binary code is now 3180 bytes
* long with avr-gcc-5.4.0, the same length as with the original twitest.c.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include BOARD_H
#if HW_ADDRESS(twi0) != -1
# define TWI twi0
#endif
#define DEBUG 1
/*
* Note [3]
* TWI address for 24Cxx EEPROM:
*
* 1 0 1 0 E2 E1 E0 24C01/24C02
* 1 0 1 0 E2 E1 A8 24C04
* 1 0 1 0 E2 A9 A8 24C08
* 1 0 1 0 A10 A9 A8 24C16
* 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 24FC512
*/
#define TWI_SLA_24CXX 0xA0 /* 24FC512 */
/*
* Note [3a]
* Device word address length for 24Cxx EEPROM
* Larger EEPROM devices (from 24C32) have 16-bit address
* Define or undefine according to the used device
*/
#define WORD_ADDRESS_16BIT
/*
* Maximal number of iterations to wait for a device to respond for a
* selection. Should be large enough to allow for a pending write to
* complete, but low enough to properly abort an infinite loop in case
* a slave is broken or not present at all. With 100 kHz TWI clock,
* transfering the start condition and SLA+R/W packet takes about 10
* µs. The longest write period is supposed to not exceed ~ 10 ms.
* Thus, normal operation should not require more than 100 iterations
* to get the device to respond to a selection.
*/
#define MAX_ITER 200
/*
* Number of bytes that can be written in a row, see comments for
* ee24xx_write_page() below. Some vendor's devices would accept 16,
* but 8 seems to be the lowest common denominator.
*
* Note that the page size must be a power of two, this simplifies the
* page boundary calculations below.
*/
#define PAGE_SIZE 8
/*
* Saved TWI status register, for error messages only. We need to
* save it in a variable, since the datasheet only guarantees the TWSR
* register to have valid contents while the TWINT bit in TWCR is set.
*/
uint8_t twst;
/*
* Do all the startup-time peripheral initializations: UART (for our
* debug/test output), and TWI clock.
*/
void
ioinit(void)
{
hwa( begin, reset );
hwa( configure, uart0,
bps, 9600,
receiver, disabled,
transmitter, enabled );
hwa( configure, TWI, bps, 100000 );
hwa( commit );
}
/*
* Note [6]
* Send character c down the UART Tx, wait until tx holding register
* is empty.
*/
int
uart_putchar(char c, FILE *unused __attribute__((unused)) )
{
if (c == '\n')
uart_putchar('\r',0);
while ( !hw(stat,uart0).txqnf ) {}
hw( write, uart0, c );
return 0;
}
/*
* Note [7]
*
* Read "len" bytes from EEPROM starting at "eeaddr" into "buf".
*
* This requires two bus cycles: during the first cycle, the device
* will be selected (master transmitter mode), and the address
* transfered.
* Address bits exceeding 256 are transfered in the
* E2/E1/E0 bits (subaddress bits) of the device selector.
* Address is sent in two dedicated 8 bit transfers
* for 16 bit address devices (larger EEPROM devices)
*
* The second bus cycle will reselect the device (repeated start
* condition, going into master receiver mode), and transfer the data
* from the device to the TWI master. Multiple bytes can be
* transfered by ACKing the client's transfer. The last transfer will
* be NACKed, which the client will take as an indication to not
* initiate further transfers.
*/
int
ee24xx_read_bytes(uint16_t eeaddr, int len, uint8_t *buf)
{
uint8_t sla, n = 0;
int rv = 0;
#ifndef WORD_ADDRESS_16BIT
/* patch high bits of EEPROM address into SLA */
sla = TWI_SLA_24CXX | ((eeaddr >> 8) & 0x07);
#else
/* 16-bit address devices need only TWI Device Address */
sla = TWI_SLA_24CXX ;
#endif
/*
* Note [8]
* First cycle: master transmitter mode
*/
restart:
if (n++ >= MAX_ITER)
return -1;
begin:
hw( xfr_start, TWI ); /* send start condition */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_START:
case HW_TWI_REP_START: /* OK, but should not happen */
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST: /* Note [9] */
goto begin;
default:
return -1; /* error: not in start condition */
/* NB: do /not/ send stop condition */
}
/* Note [10]
*/
hw( xfr_slaw, TWI, sla>>1 ); /* send SLA+W */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MT_SLA_ACK:
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_SLA_NACK: /* nack during select: device busy writing */
goto restart; /* Note [11] */
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST: /* re-arbitrate */
goto begin;
default:
goto error; /* must send stop condition */
}
#ifdef WORD_ADDRESS_16BIT
hw( xfr_write, TWI, eeaddr >> 8 ); /* highest 8 bits of addr */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_ACK:
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_NACK:
goto quit;
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST:
goto begin;
default:
goto error; /* must send stop condition */
}
#endif
hw( xfr_write, TWI, eeaddr ); /* lowest 8 bits of addr */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_ACK:
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_NACK:
goto quit;
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST:
goto begin;
default:
goto error; /* must send stop condition */
}
/*
* Note [12]
* Next cycle(s): master receiver mode
*/
hw( xfr_start, TWI ); /* send (rep.) start condition */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_START: /* OK, but should not happen */
case HW_TWI_REP_START:
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST:
goto begin;
default:
goto error;
}
hw( xfr_slar, TWI, sla>>1 ); /* send SLA+R */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MR_SLA_ACK:
break;
case HW_TWI_MR_SLA_NACK:
goto quit;
case HW_TWI_MR_ARB_LOST:
goto begin;
default:
goto error;
}
/* Note [13]
*/
for ( ; len>0 ; len-- ) {
if (len == 1)
hw( xfr_read, TWI, nack ); /* ask last byte, send NACK*/
else
hw( xfr_read, TWI, ack ); /* ask one more byte, send ACK*/
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MR_DATA_NACK:
len = 0; /* force end of loop */
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case HW_TWI_MR_DATA_ACK:
*buf++ = hw(read,TWI);
rv++;
if(twst == HW_TWI_MR_DATA_NACK) goto quit;
break;
default:
goto error;
}
}
quit:
/* Note [14]
*/
hw( xfr_stop, TWI ); /* send stop condition */
return rv;
error:
rv = -1;
goto quit;
}
/*
* Write "len" bytes into EEPROM starting at "eeaddr" from "buf".
*
* This is a bit simpler than the previous function since both, the
* address and the data bytes will be transfered in master transmitter
* mode, thus no reselection of the device is necessary. However, the
* EEPROMs are only capable of writing one "page" simultaneously, so
* care must be taken to not cross a page boundary within one write
* cycle. The amount of data one page consists of varies from
* manufacturer to manufacturer: some vendors only use 8-byte pages
* for the smaller devices, and 16-byte pages for the larger devices,
* while other vendors generally use 16-byte pages. We thus use the
* smallest common denominator of 8 bytes per page, declared by the
* macro PAGE_SIZE above.
*
* The function simply returns after writing one page, returning the
* actual number of data byte written. It is up to the caller to
* re-invoke it in order to write further data.
*/
int
ee24xx_write_page(uint16_t eeaddr, int len, uint8_t *buf)
{
uint8_t sla, n = 0;
int rv = 0;
uint16_t endaddr;
if (eeaddr + len <= (eeaddr | (PAGE_SIZE - 1)))
endaddr = eeaddr + len;
else
endaddr = (eeaddr | (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) + 1;
len = endaddr - eeaddr;
#ifndef WORD_ADDRESS_16BIT
/* patch high bits of EEPROM address into SLA */
sla = TWI_SLA_24CXX | ((eeaddr >> 8) & 0x07);
#else
/* 16-bit address devices need only TWI Device Address */
sla = TWI_SLA_24CXX ;
#endif
restart:
if (n++ >= MAX_ITER)
return -1;
begin:
/* Note [15] */
hw( xfr_start, TWI ); /* send start condition */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_REP_START: /* OK, but should not happen */
case HW_TWI_START:
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST:
goto begin;
default:
return -1; /* error: not in start condition */
/* NB: do /not/ send stop condition */
}
hw( xfr_slaw, TWI, sla>>1 ); /* send SLA+W */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MT_SLA_ACK:
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_SLA_NACK: /* nack during select: device busy writing */
goto restart;
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST: /* re-arbitrate */
goto begin;
default:
goto error; /* must send stop condition */
}
#ifdef WORD_ADDRESS_16BIT
hw( xfr_write, TWI, eeaddr>>8 ); /* 16 bit word address device, send high 8 bits of addr */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_ACK:
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_NACK:
goto quit;
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST:
goto begin;
default:
goto error; /* must send stop condition */
}
#endif
hw( xfr_write, TWI, eeaddr ); /* low 8 bits of addr */
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_ACK:
break;
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_NACK:
goto quit;
case HW_TWI_MT_ARB_LOST:
goto begin;
default:
goto error; /* must send stop condition */
}
for ( ; len>0 ; len-- ) {
hw( xfr_write, TWI, (*buf++) );
while( !hw(read,(TWI,irq)) ) {} /* wait for transmission */
switch( (twst=hw(stat,TWI)) )
{
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_NACK:
goto error; /* device write protected -- Note [16] */
case HW_TWI_MT_DATA_ACK:
rv++;
break;
default:
goto error;
}
}
quit:
hw( xfr_stop, TWI ); /* send stop condition */
return rv;
error:
rv = -1;
goto quit;
}
/*
* Wrapper around ee24xx_write_page() that repeats calling this
* function until either an error has been returned, or all bytes
* have been written.
*/
int
ee24xx_write_bytes(uint16_t eeaddr, int len, uint8_t *buf)
{
int rv, total;
total = 0;
do
{
#if DEBUG
printf("Calling ee24xx_write_page(%d, %d, %p)",
eeaddr, len, buf);
#endif
rv = ee24xx_write_page(eeaddr, len, buf);
#if DEBUG
printf(" => %d\n", rv);
#endif
if (rv == -1)
return -1;
eeaddr += rv;
len -= rv;
buf += rv;
total += rv;
}
while (len > 0);
return total;
}
void
error(void)
{
printf("error: TWI status %#x\n", twst);
exit(0);
}
FILE mystdout = FDEV_SETUP_STREAM(uart_putchar, NULL, _FDEV_SETUP_WRITE);
int
main(void)
{
uint16_t a;
int rv;
uint8_t b[16];
uint8_t x;
ioinit();
stdout = &mystdout;
for (a = 0; a < 256;)
{
printf("%#04x: ", a);
rv = ee24xx_read_bytes(a, 16, b);
if (rv <= 0)
error();
if (rv < 16)
printf("warning: short read %d\n", rv);
a += rv;
for (x = 0; x < rv; x++)
printf("%02x ", b[x]);
putchar('\n');
}
#define EE_WRITE(addr, str) ee24xx_write_bytes(addr, sizeof(str)-1, (uint8_t*)str)
rv = EE_WRITE(55, "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");
if (rv < 0)
error();
printf("Wrote %d bytes.\n", rv);
for (a = 0; a < 256;)
{
printf("%#04x: ", a);
rv = ee24xx_read_bytes(a, 16, b);
if (rv <= 0)
error();
if (rv < 16)
printf("warning: short read %d\n", rv);
a += rv;
for (x = 0; x < rv; x++)
printf("%02x ", b[x]);
putchar('\n');
}
printf("done.\n");
return 0;
}
hwa
#define hwa(...)
hwa( action, object [,...] ) stores an action for an object into a HWA context.
Definition: hwa_macros.h:552
hw
#define hw(...)
hw( action, object [,...] ) executes an action immediately on an object.
Definition: hwa_macros.h:523